Design of 3D Wind Farm Layout Using an Improved Electric Charge Particles Optimization With Hub-Height Variety

The limited resources of land and wind have increased the requirement for better designing farm layouts in industry. A three-dimensional layout turbines (WTs) is proposed this paper to optimize horizontal vertical farms. issue optimization a highly challenging task as it involves many variables requires handling conflicting criteria. Classical algorithms cannot handle problem due discontinuity nonlinear behavior. Considering this, metaheuristic algorithm called improved electric charged particle (ECPO) developed implemented four different shapes cases studies. All scenarios same distribution obstacles. result shows that ECPO achieves performance case study when maximum number turbine grids compared three well-known algorithms, which are binary swarm (BPSO), genetic (GA), artificial bee colony (ABC). By implementing WFLO, levelized cost energy (LCOE) will increase by 7% optimal WT 3% fixed WT.